Issue 3, 2008

Hambrick D. C., Mason Ph. A. Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of Its Top Managers

Theorists in various fields have discussed characteristics of top managers. This paper attempts to synthesize these previously fragmented litera tures around a more general «upper echelons perspective». The theory states that organizational outcomes — strategic choices and performance levels — are partially predicted by managerial background characteristics. Propositions and methodological suggestions are included.

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